Much of the nation is experiencing a heat wave, and several deaths in the Memphis area have been attributed to the high temperatures.  Those most at risk include the very old and the very young, those with chronic medical conditions, and individuals such as construction workers and athletes who spend a lot of time outside in the sun and heat.

“Heat-related illnesses are progressive and may begin with heat cramps, which are painful muscle cramps, often involving the calf muscles,” says Dr. Ethelyn Johnson, Medical Director for the Department of Emergency Medicine.  “Cramps may occur following exercise or physical activity.”

You can reduce your risk of illness by staying cool in an air conditioned building, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding strenuous activity outside.   Be alert to the dangers of heat exposure, and know what to do if you--or someone you know--shows signs of one of these heat-related conditions.  

Warning signs of heat exhaustion include:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness or fainting
• Nausea
• Heavy perspiration
• Cramps
• Rapid pulse
• Quick, shallow breathing

Move to a shady or air conditioned place.  If you are able to keep down fluids, drink an electrolyte solution to replenish sodium and potassium.  Rapid cooling is best accomplished by spraying the undressed body with lukewarm or tepid water and placing a fan nearby.  Do not take acetaminophen or aspirin.  If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Warning signs of heat stroke include:

• Body temperature above 103 degrees Farenheit
• Nausea
• Confusion
• Headache
• Hot, dry skin
• Unconsciousness

Call 911 for medical assistance. Cool the body as quickly as possible as noted above or with a wet sponge, towel, or cool bath. Do not drink any liquids.

“Any person who exhibits confusion, loss of consciousness, fever, or persistent symptoms despite oral hydration and cooling, should be taken to the hospital immediately,” cautions Dr. Johnson.

Visit the U.S. Center for Disease Control to learn more about the dangers of heat and what you can do to protect yourself, your family, and your pets.

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